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| Solanum mauritianum ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
__NOTOC__:''"Solanum auriculatum" redirects here. This name and ''Solanum mauritianum'' itself have variously been applied to other plants; see below.''thumb''Solanum mauritianum''''' is a small tree or shrub native to South America, including Northern Argentina, Southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.Olckersa, T., Zimmermann, H.G., "Biological control of silverleaf nightshade, Solanum elaegnifolium, and bugweed, Solanum mauritianum, (Solanaceae) in South Africa", ''Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment'',Vol. 37, Issues 1-3, October 1991, Pages 137-155 () It has become a widespread invasive weed in Cook Islands, Fiji, Hawai‘i, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Réunion Island, Mauritius, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, India, and several southern African countries.(''Solanum Mauritianum'' Weed Profile, Global Invasive Species Database ) Its common names include '''earleaf nightshade''' (or "ear-leaved nightshade"), '''woolly nightshade''', '''flannel weed''', '''bugweed''', '''tobacco weed''', '''tobacco bush''', '''wild tobacco''' and '''kerosene plant'''.The plant has a life of up to thirty years, and can grow up to tall. Its large oval leaves are grey-green in color and covered with felt-like hairs. The flower is purple with a yellow center. The plant can flower year round but fruiting occurs in late spring to early summer. It is tolerant of many soil types and quickly becomes established around plantations, forest margins, scrub and open land.==As invasive species==Woolly nightshade has naturalized in New Zealand. It had arrived there by 1880, and is now well established from Taupo northward. Woolly nightshade is poisonous and handling the plants can cause irritation and nausea. The dust from the plant can cause respiratory problems if exposure is prolonged. Because of its ability to affect human health and because of its aggressive and fast growing character it is illegal in all areas of New Zealand to sell, propagate, or distribute any part of the plant.This plant has also become naturalized in Australia, particularly on the east coast and in desert ranges (South Australia). In Australia this plant is known colloquially as '''"tobacco bush weed"''', although Australia possesses many species of ''Nicotiana'' which are more correctly known as wild tobaccos.In South Africa, biological control is being used to control ''Solanum mauritianum''. ''S. mauritianum'' is a favoured food plant of the African olive pigeon (''Columba arquatrix''),Gibbs, David; Barnes, Eustace & Cox, John. (2001): ''Pigeons and Doves''. A&C Black, London. ISBN 1-873403-60-7 the Cape bulbul and red-whiskered bulbul.http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1230
__NOTOC__
:''"Solanum auriculatum" redirects here. This name and ''Solanum mauritianum'' itself have variously been applied to other plants; see below.''
thumb
''Solanum mauritianum'' is a small tree or shrub native to South America, including Northern Argentina, Southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.〔Olckersa, T., Zimmermann, H.G., "Biological control of silverleaf nightshade, Solanum elaegnifolium, and bugweed, Solanum mauritianum, (Solanaceae) in South Africa", ''Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment'',
Vol. 37, Issues 1-3, October 1991, Pages 137-155 ()〕 It has become a widespread invasive weed in Cook Islands, Fiji, Hawai‘i, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Réunion Island, Mauritius, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, India, and several southern African countries.〔(''Solanum Mauritianum'' Weed Profile, Global Invasive Species Database )〕 Its common names include earleaf nightshade (or "ear-leaved nightshade"), woolly nightshade, flannel weed, bugweed, tobacco weed, tobacco bush, wild tobacco and kerosene plant.
The plant has a life of up to thirty years, and can grow up to tall. Its large oval leaves are grey-green in color and covered with felt-like hairs. The flower is purple with a yellow center. The plant can flower year round but fruiting occurs in late spring to early summer. It is tolerant of many soil types and quickly becomes established around plantations, forest margins, scrub and open land.
==As invasive species==
Woolly nightshade has naturalized in New Zealand. It had arrived there by 1880, and is now well established from Taupo northward. Woolly nightshade is poisonous and handling the plants can cause irritation and nausea. The dust from the plant can cause respiratory problems if exposure is prolonged. Because of its ability to affect human health and because of its aggressive and fast growing character it is illegal in all areas of New Zealand to sell, propagate, or distribute any part of the plant.
This plant has also become naturalized in Australia, particularly on the east coast and in desert ranges (South Australia). In Australia this plant is known colloquially as "tobacco bush weed", although Australia possesses many species of ''Nicotiana'' which are more correctly known as wild tobaccos.
In South Africa, biological control is being used to control ''Solanum mauritianum''.〔 ''S. mauritianum'' is a favoured food plant of the African olive pigeon (''Columba arquatrix''),〔Gibbs, David; Barnes, Eustace & Cox, John. (2001): ''Pigeons and Doves''. A&C Black, London. ISBN 1-873403-60-7〕 the Cape bulbul and red-whiskered bulbul.〔http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1230〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「__NOTOC__:''"Solanum auriculatum" redirects here. This name and ''Solanum mauritianum'' itself have variously been applied to other plants; see below.''thumb'''''Solanum mauritianum''''' is a small tree or shrub native to South America, including Northern Argentina, Southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.Olckersa, T., Zimmermann, H.G., "Biological control of silverleaf nightshade, Solanum elaegnifolium, and bugweed, Solanum mauritianum, (Solanaceae) in South Africa", ''Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment'',Vol. 37, Issues 1-3, October 1991, Pages 137-155 () It has become a widespread invasive weed in Cook Islands, Fiji, Hawai‘i, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Réunion Island, Mauritius, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, India, and several southern African countries.(''Solanum Mauritianum'' Weed Profile, Global Invasive Species Database ) Its common names include '''earleaf nightshade''' (or "ear-leaved nightshade"), '''woolly nightshade''', '''flannel weed''', '''bugweed''', '''tobacco weed''', '''tobacco bush''', '''wild tobacco''' and '''kerosene plant'''.The plant has a life of up to thirty years, and can grow up to tall. Its large oval leaves are grey-green in color and covered with felt-like hairs. The flower is purple with a yellow center. The plant can flower year round but fruiting occurs in late spring to early summer. It is tolerant of many soil types and quickly becomes established around plantations, forest margins, scrub and open land.==As invasive species==Woolly nightshade has naturalized in New Zealand. It had arrived there by 1880, and is now well established from Taupo northward. Woolly nightshade is poisonous and handling the plants can cause irritation and nausea. The dust from the plant can cause respiratory problems if exposure is prolonged. Because of its ability to affect human health and because of its aggressive and fast growing character it is illegal in all areas of New Zealand to sell, propagate, or distribute any part of the plant.This plant has also become naturalized in Australia, particularly on the east coast and in desert ranges (South Australia). In Australia this plant is known colloquially as '''"tobacco bush weed"''', although Australia possesses many species of ''Nicotiana'' which are more correctly known as wild tobaccos.In South Africa, biological control is being used to control ''Solanum mauritianum''. ''S. mauritianum'' is a favoured food plant of the African olive pigeon (''Columba arquatrix''),Gibbs, David; Barnes, Eustace & Cox, John. (2001): ''Pigeons and Doves''. A&C Black, London. ISBN 1-873403-60-7 the Cape bulbul and red-whiskered bulbul.http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1230 」の詳細全文を読む
'Solanum mauritianum'' is a small tree or shrub native to South America, including Northern Argentina, Southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.Olckersa, T., Zimmermann, H.G., "Biological control of silverleaf nightshade, Solanum elaegnifolium, and bugweed, Solanum mauritianum, (Solanaceae) in South Africa", ''Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment'',Vol. 37, Issues 1-3, October 1991, Pages 137-155 () It has become a widespread invasive weed in Cook Islands, Fiji, Hawai‘i, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Réunion Island, Mauritius, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, India, and several southern African countries.(''Solanum Mauritianum'' Weed Profile, Global Invasive Species Database ) Its common names include '''earleaf nightshade''' (or "ear-leaved nightshade"), '''woolly nightshade''', '''flannel weed''', '''bugweed''', '''tobacco weed''', '''tobacco bush''', '''wild tobacco''' and '''kerosene plant'''.The plant has a life of up to thirty years, and can grow up to tall. Its large oval leaves are grey-green in color and covered with felt-like hairs. The flower is purple with a yellow center. The plant can flower year round but fruiting occurs in late spring to early summer. It is tolerant of many soil types and quickly becomes established around plantations, forest margins, scrub and open land.==As invasive species==Woolly nightshade has naturalized in New Zealand. It had arrived there by 1880, and is now well established from Taupo northward. Woolly nightshade is poisonous and handling the plants can cause irritation and nausea. The dust from the plant can cause respiratory problems if exposure is prolonged. Because of its ability to affect human health and because of its aggressive and fast growing character it is illegal in all areas of New Zealand to sell, propagate, or distribute any part of the plant.This plant has also become naturalized in Australia, particularly on the east coast and in desert ranges (South Australia). In Australia this plant is known colloquially as '''"tobacco bush weed"''', although Australia possesses many species of ''Nicotiana'' which are more correctly known as wild tobaccos.In South Africa, biological control is being used to control ''Solanum mauritianum''. ''S. mauritianum'' is a favoured food plant of the African olive pigeon (''Columba arquatrix''),Gibbs, David; Barnes, Eustace & Cox, John. (2001): ''Pigeons and Doves''. A&C Black, London. ISBN 1-873403-60-7 the Cape bulbul and red-whiskered bulbul.http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1230
__NOTOC__
:''"Solanum auriculatum" redirects here. This name and ''Solanum mauritianum'' itself have variously been applied to other plants; see below.''
thumb
''Solanum mauritianum'' is a small tree or shrub native to South America, including Northern Argentina, Southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.〔Olckersa, T., Zimmermann, H.G., "Biological control of silverleaf nightshade, Solanum elaegnifolium, and bugweed, Solanum mauritianum, (Solanaceae) in South Africa", ''Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment'',
Vol. 37, Issues 1-3, October 1991, Pages 137-155 ()〕 It has become a widespread invasive weed in Cook Islands, Fiji, Hawai‘i, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Réunion Island, Mauritius, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, India, and several southern African countries.〔(''Solanum Mauritianum'' Weed Profile, Global Invasive Species Database )〕 Its common names include earleaf nightshade (or "ear-leaved nightshade"), woolly nightshade, flannel weed, bugweed, tobacco weed, tobacco bush, wild tobacco and kerosene plant.
The plant has a life of up to thirty years, and can grow up to tall. Its large oval leaves are grey-green in color and covered with felt-like hairs. The flower is purple with a yellow center. The plant can flower year round but fruiting occurs in late spring to early summer. It is tolerant of many soil types and quickly becomes established around plantations, forest margins, scrub and open land.
==As invasive species==
Woolly nightshade has naturalized in New Zealand. It had arrived there by 1880, and is now well established from Taupo northward. Woolly nightshade is poisonous and handling the plants can cause irritation and nausea. The dust from the plant can cause respiratory problems if exposure is prolonged. Because of its ability to affect human health and because of its aggressive and fast growing character it is illegal in all areas of New Zealand to sell, propagate, or distribute any part of the plant.
This plant has also become naturalized in Australia, particularly on the east coast and in desert ranges (South Australia). In Australia this plant is known colloquially as "tobacco bush weed", although Australia possesses many species of ''Nicotiana'' which are more correctly known as wild tobaccos.
In South Africa, biological control is being used to control ''Solanum mauritianum''.〔 ''S. mauritianum'' is a favoured food plant of the African olive pigeon (''Columba arquatrix''),〔Gibbs, David; Barnes, Eustace & Cox, John. (2001): ''Pigeons and Doves''. A&C Black, London. ISBN 1-873403-60-7〕 the Cape bulbul and red-whiskered bulbul.〔http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1230〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「__NOTOC__:''"Solanum auriculatum" redirects here. This name and ''Solanum mauritianum'' itself have variously been applied to other plants; see below.''thumb'''''Solanum mauritianum''''' is a small tree or shrub native to South America, including Northern Argentina, Southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.Olckersa, T., Zimmermann, H.G., "Biological control of silverleaf nightshade, Solanum elaegnifolium, and bugweed, Solanum mauritianum, (Solanaceae) in South Africa", ''Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment'',Vol. 37, Issues 1-3, October 1991, Pages 137-155 () It has become a widespread invasive weed in Cook Islands, Fiji, Hawai‘i, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Réunion Island, Mauritius, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, India, and several southern African countries.(''Solanum Mauritianum'' Weed Profile, Global Invasive Species Database ) Its common names include '''earleaf nightshade''' (or "ear-leaved nightshade"), '''woolly nightshade''', '''flannel weed''', '''bugweed''', '''tobacco weed''', '''tobacco bush''', '''wild tobacco''' and '''kerosene plant'''.The plant has a life of up to thirty years, and can grow up to tall. Its large oval leaves are grey-green in color and covered with felt-like hairs. The flower is purple with a yellow center. The plant can flower year round but fruiting occurs in late spring to early summer. It is tolerant of many soil types and quickly becomes established around plantations, forest margins, scrub and open land.==As invasive species==Woolly nightshade has naturalized in New Zealand. It had arrived there by 1880, and is now well established from Taupo northward. Woolly nightshade is poisonous and handling the plants can cause irritation and nausea. The dust from the plant can cause respiratory problems if exposure is prolonged. Because of its ability to affect human health and because of its aggressive and fast growing character it is illegal in all areas of New Zealand to sell, propagate, or distribute any part of the plant.This plant has also become naturalized in Australia, particularly on the east coast and in desert ranges (South Australia). In Australia this plant is known colloquially as '''"tobacco bush weed"''', although Australia possesses many species of ''Nicotiana'' which are more correctly known as wild tobaccos.In South Africa, biological control is being used to control ''Solanum mauritianum''. ''S. mauritianum'' is a favoured food plant of the African olive pigeon (''Columba arquatrix''),Gibbs, David; Barnes, Eustace & Cox, John. (2001): ''Pigeons and Doves''. A&C Black, London. ISBN 1-873403-60-7 the Cape bulbul and red-whiskered bulbul.http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1230 」の詳細全文を読む
' is a small tree or shrub native to South America, including Northern Argentina, Southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.Olckersa, T., Zimmermann, H.G., "Biological control of silverleaf nightshade, Solanum elaegnifolium, and bugweed, Solanum mauritianum, (Solanaceae) in South Africa", ''Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment'',Vol. 37, Issues 1-3, October 1991, Pages 137-155 () It has become a widespread invasive weed in Cook Islands, Fiji, Hawai‘i, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Réunion Island, Mauritius, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, India, and several southern African countries.(''Solanum Mauritianum'' Weed Profile, Global Invasive Species Database ) Its common names include earleaf nightshade (or "ear-leaved nightshade"), woolly nightshade, flannel weed, bugweed, tobacco weed, tobacco bush, wild tobacco and kerosene plant.The plant has a life of up to thirty years, and can grow up to tall. Its large oval leaves are grey-green in color and covered with felt-like hairs. The flower is purple with a yellow center. The plant can flower year round but fruiting occurs in late spring to early summer. It is tolerant of many soil types and quickly becomes established around plantations, forest margins, scrub and open land.==As invasive species==Woolly nightshade has naturalized in New Zealand. It had arrived there by 1880, and is now well established from Taupo northward. Woolly nightshade is poisonous and handling the plants can cause irritation and nausea. The dust from the plant can cause respiratory problems if exposure is prolonged. Because of its ability to affect human health and because of its aggressive and fast growing character it is illegal in all areas of New Zealand to sell, propagate, or distribute any part of the plant.This plant has also become naturalized in Australia, particularly on the east coast and in desert ranges (South Australia). In Australia this plant is known colloquially as "tobacco bush weed", although Australia possesses many species of ''Nicotiana'' which are more correctly known as wild tobaccos.In South Africa, biological control is being used to control ''Solanum mauritianum''. ''S. mauritianum'' is a favoured food plant of the African olive pigeon (''Columba arquatrix''),Gibbs, David; Barnes, Eustace & Cox, John. (2001): ''Pigeons and Doves''. A&C Black, London. ISBN 1-873403-60-7 the Cape bulbul and red-whiskered bulbul.http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1230
__NOTOC__
:''"Solanum auriculatum" redirects here. This name and ''Solanum mauritianum'' itself have variously been applied to other plants; see below.''
thumb
''Solanum mauritianum'' is a small tree or shrub native to South America, including Northern Argentina, Southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.〔Olckersa, T., Zimmermann, H.G., "Biological control of silverleaf nightshade, Solanum elaegnifolium, and bugweed, Solanum mauritianum, (Solanaceae) in South Africa", ''Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment'',
Vol. 37, Issues 1-3, October 1991, Pages 137-155 ()〕 It has become a widespread invasive weed in Cook Islands, Fiji, Hawai‘i, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Réunion Island, Mauritius, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, India, and several southern African countries.〔(''Solanum Mauritianum'' Weed Profile, Global Invasive Species Database )〕 Its common names include earleaf nightshade (or "ear-leaved nightshade"), woolly nightshade, flannel weed, bugweed, tobacco weed, tobacco bush, wild tobacco and kerosene plant.
The plant has a life of up to thirty years, and can grow up to tall. Its large oval leaves are grey-green in color and covered with felt-like hairs. The flower is purple with a yellow center. The plant can flower year round but fruiting occurs in late spring to early summer. It is tolerant of many soil types and quickly becomes established around plantations, forest margins, scrub and open land.
==As invasive species==
Woolly nightshade has naturalized in New Zealand. It had arrived there by 1880, and is now well established from Taupo northward. Woolly nightshade is poisonous and handling the plants can cause irritation and nausea. The dust from the plant can cause respiratory problems if exposure is prolonged. Because of its ability to affect human health and because of its aggressive and fast growing character it is illegal in all areas of New Zealand to sell, propagate, or distribute any part of the plant.
This plant has also become naturalized in Australia, particularly on the east coast and in desert ranges (South Australia). In Australia this plant is known colloquially as "tobacco bush weed", although Australia possesses many species of ''Nicotiana'' which are more correctly known as wild tobaccos.
In South Africa, biological control is being used to control ''Solanum mauritianum''.〔 ''S. mauritianum'' is a favoured food plant of the African olive pigeon (''Columba arquatrix''),〔Gibbs, David; Barnes, Eustace & Cox, John. (2001): ''Pigeons and Doves''. A&C Black, London. ISBN 1-873403-60-7〕 the Cape bulbul and red-whiskered bulbul.〔http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1230〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ''Solanum mauritianum''''' is a small tree or shrub native to South America, including Northern Argentina, Southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.Olckersa, T., Zimmermann, H.G., "Biological control of silverleaf nightshade, Solanum elaegnifolium, and bugweed, Solanum mauritianum, (Solanaceae) in South Africa", ''Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment'',Vol. 37, Issues 1-3, October 1991, Pages 137-155 () It has become a widespread invasive weed in Cook Islands, Fiji, Hawai‘i, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Réunion Island, Mauritius, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, India, and several southern African countries.(''Solanum Mauritianum'' Weed Profile, Global Invasive Species Database ) Its common names include '''earleaf nightshade''' (or "ear-leaved nightshade"), '''woolly nightshade''', '''flannel weed''', '''bugweed''', '''tobacco weed''', '''tobacco bush''', '''wild tobacco''' and '''kerosene plant'''.The plant has a life of up to thirty years, and can grow up to tall. Its large oval leaves are grey-green in color and covered with felt-like hairs. The flower is purple with a yellow center. The plant can flower year round but fruiting occurs in late spring to early summer. It is tolerant of many soil types and quickly becomes established around plantations, forest margins, scrub and open land.==As invasive species==Woolly nightshade has naturalized in New Zealand. It had arrived there by 1880, and is now well established from Taupo northward. Woolly nightshade is poisonous and handling the plants can cause irritation and nausea. The dust from the plant can cause respiratory problems if exposure is prolonged. Because of its ability to affect human health and because of its aggressive and fast growing character it is illegal in all areas of New Zealand to sell, propagate, or distribute any part of the plant.This plant has also become naturalized in Australia, particularly on the east coast and in desert ranges (South Australia). In Australia this plant is known colloquially as '''"tobacco bush weed"''', although Australia possesses many species of ''Nicotiana'' which are more correctly known as wild tobaccos.In South Africa, biological control is being used to control ''Solanum mauritianum''. ''S. mauritianum'' is a favoured food plant of the African olive pigeon (''Columba arquatrix''),Gibbs, David; Barnes, Eustace & Cox, John. (2001): ''Pigeons and Doves''. A&C Black, London. ISBN 1-873403-60-7 the Cape bulbul and red-whiskered bulbul.http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1230 ">ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「__NOTOC__:''"Solanum auriculatum" redirects here. This name and ''Solanum mauritianum'' itself have variously been applied to other plants; see below.''thumb'''''Solanum mauritianum''''' is a small tree or shrub native to South America, including Northern Argentina, Southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.Olckersa, T., Zimmermann, H.G., "Biological control of silverleaf nightshade, Solanum elaegnifolium, and bugweed, Solanum mauritianum, (Solanaceae) in South Africa", ''Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment'',Vol. 37, Issues 1-3, October 1991, Pages 137-155 () It has become a widespread invasive weed in Cook Islands, Fiji, Hawai‘i, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Réunion Island, Mauritius, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, India, and several southern African countries.(''Solanum Mauritianum'' Weed Profile, Global Invasive Species Database ) Its common names include '''earleaf nightshade''' (or "ear-leaved nightshade"), '''woolly nightshade''', '''flannel weed''', '''bugweed''', '''tobacco weed''', '''tobacco bush''', '''wild tobacco''' and '''kerosene plant'''.The plant has a life of up to thirty years, and can grow up to tall. Its large oval leaves are grey-green in color and covered with felt-like hairs. The flower is purple with a yellow center. The plant can flower year round but fruiting occurs in late spring to early summer. It is tolerant of many soil types and quickly becomes established around plantations, forest margins, scrub and open land.==As invasive species==Woolly nightshade has naturalized in New Zealand. It had arrived there by 1880, and is now well established from Taupo northward. Woolly nightshade is poisonous and handling the plants can cause irritation and nausea. The dust from the plant can cause respiratory problems if exposure is prolonged. Because of its ability to affect human health and because of its aggressive and fast growing character it is illegal in all areas of New Zealand to sell, propagate, or distribute any part of the plant.This plant has also become naturalized in Australia, particularly on the east coast and in desert ranges (South Australia). In Australia this plant is known colloquially as '''"tobacco bush weed"''', although Australia possesses many species of ''Nicotiana'' which are more correctly known as wild tobaccos.In South Africa, biological control is being used to control ''Solanum mauritianum''. ''S. mauritianum'' is a favoured food plant of the African olive pigeon (''Columba arquatrix''),Gibbs, David; Barnes, Eustace & Cox, John. (2001): ''Pigeons and Doves''. A&C Black, London. ISBN 1-873403-60-7 the Cape bulbul and red-whiskered bulbul.http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1230 」の詳細全文を読む
'Solanum mauritianum'' is a small tree or shrub native to South America, including Northern Argentina, Southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.Olckersa, T., Zimmermann, H.G., "Biological control of silverleaf nightshade, Solanum elaegnifolium, and bugweed, Solanum mauritianum, (Solanaceae) in South Africa", ''Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment'',Vol. 37, Issues 1-3, October 1991, Pages 137-155 () It has become a widespread invasive weed in Cook Islands, Fiji, Hawai‘i, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Réunion Island, Mauritius, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, India, and several southern African countries.(''Solanum Mauritianum'' Weed Profile, Global Invasive Species Database ) Its common names include '''earleaf nightshade''' (or "ear-leaved nightshade"), '''woolly nightshade''', '''flannel weed''', '''bugweed''', '''tobacco weed''', '''tobacco bush''', '''wild tobacco''' and '''kerosene plant'''.The plant has a life of up to thirty years, and can grow up to tall. Its large oval leaves are grey-green in color and covered with felt-like hairs. The flower is purple with a yellow center. The plant can flower year round but fruiting occurs in late spring to early summer. It is tolerant of many soil types and quickly becomes established around plantations, forest margins, scrub and open land.==As invasive species==Woolly nightshade has naturalized in New Zealand. It had arrived there by 1880, and is now well established from Taupo northward. Woolly nightshade is poisonous and handling the plants can cause irritation and nausea. The dust from the plant can cause respiratory problems if exposure is prolonged. Because of its ability to affect human health and because of its aggressive and fast growing character it is illegal in all areas of New Zealand to sell, propagate, or distribute any part of the plant.This plant has also become naturalized in Australia, particularly on the east coast and in desert ranges (South Australia). In Australia this plant is known colloquially as '''"tobacco bush weed"''', although Australia possesses many species of ''Nicotiana'' which are more correctly known as wild tobaccos.In South Africa, biological control is being used to control ''Solanum mauritianum''. ''S. mauritianum'' is a favoured food plant of the African olive pigeon (''Columba arquatrix''),Gibbs, David; Barnes, Eustace & Cox, John. (2001): ''Pigeons and Doves''. A&C Black, London. ISBN 1-873403-60-7 the Cape bulbul and red-whiskered bulbul.http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1230 ">ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「__NOTOC__:''"Solanum auriculatum" redirects here. This name and ''Solanum mauritianum'' itself have variously been applied to other plants; see below.''thumb'''''Solanum mauritianum''''' is a small tree or shrub native to South America, including Northern Argentina, Southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.Olckersa, T., Zimmermann, H.G., "Biological control of silverleaf nightshade, Solanum elaegnifolium, and bugweed, Solanum mauritianum, (Solanaceae) in South Africa", ''Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment'',Vol. 37, Issues 1-3, October 1991, Pages 137-155 () It has become a widespread invasive weed in Cook Islands, Fiji, Hawai‘i, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Réunion Island, Mauritius, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, India, and several southern African countries.(''Solanum Mauritianum'' Weed Profile, Global Invasive Species Database ) Its common names include '''earleaf nightshade''' (or "ear-leaved nightshade"), '''woolly nightshade''', '''flannel weed''', '''bugweed''', '''tobacco weed''', '''tobacco bush''', '''wild tobacco''' and '''kerosene plant'''.The plant has a life of up to thirty years, and can grow up to tall. Its large oval leaves are grey-green in color and covered with felt-like hairs. The flower is purple with a yellow center. The plant can flower year round but fruiting occurs in late spring to early summer. It is tolerant of many soil types and quickly becomes established around plantations, forest margins, scrub and open land.==As invasive species==Woolly nightshade has naturalized in New Zealand. It had arrived there by 1880, and is now well established from Taupo northward. Woolly nightshade is poisonous and handling the plants can cause irritation and nausea. The dust from the plant can cause respiratory problems if exposure is prolonged. Because of its ability to affect human health and because of its aggressive and fast growing character it is illegal in all areas of New Zealand to sell, propagate, or distribute any part of the plant.This plant has also become naturalized in Australia, particularly on the east coast and in desert ranges (South Australia). In Australia this plant is known colloquially as '''"tobacco bush weed"''', although Australia possesses many species of ''Nicotiana'' which are more correctly known as wild tobaccos.In South Africa, biological control is being used to control ''Solanum mauritianum''. ''S. mauritianum'' is a favoured food plant of the African olive pigeon (''Columba arquatrix''),Gibbs, David; Barnes, Eustace & Cox, John. (2001): ''Pigeons and Doves''. A&C Black, London. ISBN 1-873403-60-7 the Cape bulbul and red-whiskered bulbul.http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1230 」の詳細全文を読む
' is a small tree or shrub native to South America, including Northern Argentina, Southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.Olckersa, T., Zimmermann, H.G., "Biological control of silverleaf nightshade, Solanum elaegnifolium, and bugweed, Solanum mauritianum, (Solanaceae) in South Africa", ''Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment'',Vol. 37, Issues 1-3, October 1991, Pages 137-155 () It has become a widespread invasive weed in Cook Islands, Fiji, Hawai‘i, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Réunion Island, Mauritius, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, India, and several southern African countries.(''Solanum Mauritianum'' Weed Profile, Global Invasive Species Database ) Its common names include earleaf nightshade (or "ear-leaved nightshade"), woolly nightshade, flannel weed, bugweed, tobacco weed, tobacco bush, wild tobacco and kerosene plant.The plant has a life of up to thirty years, and can grow up to tall. Its large oval leaves are grey-green in color and covered with felt-like hairs. The flower is purple with a yellow center. The plant can flower year round but fruiting occurs in late spring to early summer. It is tolerant of many soil types and quickly becomes established around plantations, forest margins, scrub and open land.==As invasive species==Woolly nightshade has naturalized in New Zealand. It had arrived there by 1880, and is now well established from Taupo northward. Woolly nightshade is poisonous and handling the plants can cause irritation and nausea. The dust from the plant can cause respiratory problems if exposure is prolonged. Because of its ability to affect human health and because of its aggressive and fast growing character it is illegal in all areas of New Zealand to sell, propagate, or distribute any part of the plant.This plant has also become naturalized in Australia, particularly on the east coast and in desert ranges (South Australia). In Australia this plant is known colloquially as "tobacco bush weed", although Australia possesses many species of ''Nicotiana'' which are more correctly known as wild tobaccos.In South Africa, biological control is being used to control ''Solanum mauritianum''. ''S. mauritianum'' is a favoured food plant of the African olive pigeon (''Columba arquatrix''),Gibbs, David; Barnes, Eustace & Cox, John. (2001): ''Pigeons and Doves''. A&C Black, London. ISBN 1-873403-60-7 the Cape bulbul and red-whiskered bulbul.http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1230 ">ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■''Solanum mauritianum''''' is a small tree or shrub native to South America, including Northern Argentina, Southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.Olckersa, T., Zimmermann, H.G., "Biological control of silverleaf nightshade, Solanum elaegnifolium, and bugweed, Solanum mauritianum, (Solanaceae) in South Africa", ''Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment'',Vol. 37, Issues 1-3, October 1991, Pages 137-155 () It has become a widespread invasive weed in Cook Islands, Fiji, Hawai‘i, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Réunion Island, Mauritius, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, India, and several southern African countries.(''Solanum Mauritianum'' Weed Profile, Global Invasive Species Database ) Its common names include '''earleaf nightshade''' (or "ear-leaved nightshade"), '''woolly nightshade''', '''flannel weed''', '''bugweed''', '''tobacco weed''', '''tobacco bush''', '''wild tobacco''' and '''kerosene plant'''.The plant has a life of up to thirty years, and can grow up to tall. Its large oval leaves are grey-green in color and covered with felt-like hairs. The flower is purple with a yellow center. The plant can flower year round but fruiting occurs in late spring to early summer. It is tolerant of many soil types and quickly becomes established around plantations, forest margins, scrub and open land.==As invasive species==Woolly nightshade has naturalized in New Zealand. It had arrived there by 1880, and is now well established from Taupo northward. Woolly nightshade is poisonous and handling the plants can cause irritation and nausea. The dust from the plant can cause respiratory problems if exposure is prolonged. Because of its ability to affect human health and because of its aggressive and fast growing character it is illegal in all areas of New Zealand to sell, propagate, or distribute any part of the plant.This plant has also become naturalized in Australia, particularly on the east coast and in desert ranges (South Australia). In Australia this plant is known colloquially as '''"tobacco bush weed"''', although Australia possesses many species of ''Nicotiana'' which are more correctly known as wild tobaccos.In South Africa, biological control is being used to control ''Solanum mauritianum''. ''S. mauritianum'' is a favoured food plant of the African olive pigeon (''Columba arquatrix''),Gibbs, David; Barnes, Eustace & Cox, John. (2001): ''Pigeons and Doves''. A&C Black, London. ISBN 1-873403-60-7 the Cape bulbul and red-whiskered bulbul.http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1230 ">ウィキペディアで「__NOTOC__:''"Solanum auriculatum" redirects here. This name and ''Solanum mauritianum'' itself have variously been applied to other plants; see below.''thumb'''''Solanum mauritianum''''' is a small tree or shrub native to South America, including Northern Argentina, Southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.Olckersa, T., Zimmermann, H.G., "Biological control of silverleaf nightshade, Solanum elaegnifolium, and bugweed, Solanum mauritianum, (Solanaceae) in South Africa", ''Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment'',Vol. 37, Issues 1-3, October 1991, Pages 137-155 () It has become a widespread invasive weed in Cook Islands, Fiji, Hawai‘i, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Réunion Island, Mauritius, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, India, and several southern African countries.(''Solanum Mauritianum'' Weed Profile, Global Invasive Species Database ) Its common names include '''earleaf nightshade''' (or "ear-leaved nightshade"), '''woolly nightshade''', '''flannel weed''', '''bugweed''', '''tobacco weed''', '''tobacco bush''', '''wild tobacco''' and '''kerosene plant'''.The plant has a life of up to thirty years, and can grow up to tall. Its large oval leaves are grey-green in color and covered with felt-like hairs. The flower is purple with a yellow center. The plant can flower year round but fruiting occurs in late spring to early summer. It is tolerant of many soil types and quickly becomes established around plantations, forest margins, scrub and open land.==As invasive species==Woolly nightshade has naturalized in New Zealand. It had arrived there by 1880, and is now well established from Taupo northward. Woolly nightshade is poisonous and handling the plants can cause irritation and nausea. The dust from the plant can cause respiratory problems if exposure is prolonged. Because of its ability to affect human health and because of its aggressive and fast growing character it is illegal in all areas of New Zealand to sell, propagate, or distribute any part of the plant.This plant has also become naturalized in Australia, particularly on the east coast and in desert ranges (South Australia). In Australia this plant is known colloquially as '''"tobacco bush weed"''', although Australia possesses many species of ''Nicotiana'' which are more correctly known as wild tobaccos.In South Africa, biological control is being used to control ''Solanum mauritianum''. ''S. mauritianum'' is a favoured food plant of the African olive pigeon (''Columba arquatrix''),Gibbs, David; Barnes, Eustace & Cox, John. (2001): ''Pigeons and Doves''. A&C Black, London. ISBN 1-873403-60-7 the Cape bulbul and red-whiskered bulbul.http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1230 」の詳細全文を読む
'Solanum mauritianum'' is a small tree or shrub native to South America, including Northern Argentina, Southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.Olckersa, T., Zimmermann, H.G., "Biological control of silverleaf nightshade, Solanum elaegnifolium, and bugweed, Solanum mauritianum, (Solanaceae) in South Africa", ''Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment'',Vol. 37, Issues 1-3, October 1991, Pages 137-155 () It has become a widespread invasive weed in Cook Islands, Fiji, Hawai‘i, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Réunion Island, Mauritius, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, India, and several southern African countries.(''Solanum Mauritianum'' Weed Profile, Global Invasive Species Database ) Its common names include '''earleaf nightshade''' (or "ear-leaved nightshade"), '''woolly nightshade''', '''flannel weed''', '''bugweed''', '''tobacco weed''', '''tobacco bush''', '''wild tobacco''' and '''kerosene plant'''.The plant has a life of up to thirty years, and can grow up to tall. Its large oval leaves are grey-green in color and covered with felt-like hairs. The flower is purple with a yellow center. The plant can flower year round but fruiting occurs in late spring to early summer. It is tolerant of many soil types and quickly becomes established around plantations, forest margins, scrub and open land.==As invasive species==Woolly nightshade has naturalized in New Zealand. It had arrived there by 1880, and is now well established from Taupo northward. Woolly nightshade is poisonous and handling the plants can cause irritation and nausea. The dust from the plant can cause respiratory problems if exposure is prolonged. Because of its ability to affect human health and because of its aggressive and fast growing character it is illegal in all areas of New Zealand to sell, propagate, or distribute any part of the plant.This plant has also become naturalized in Australia, particularly on the east coast and in desert ranges (South Australia). In Australia this plant is known colloquially as '''"tobacco bush weed"''', although Australia possesses many species of ''Nicotiana'' which are more correctly known as wild tobaccos.In South Africa, biological control is being used to control ''Solanum mauritianum''. ''S. mauritianum'' is a favoured food plant of the African olive pigeon (''Columba arquatrix''),Gibbs, David; Barnes, Eustace & Cox, John. (2001): ''Pigeons and Doves''. A&C Black, London. ISBN 1-873403-60-7 the Cape bulbul and red-whiskered bulbul.http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1230 ">ウィキペディアで「__NOTOC__:''"Solanum auriculatum" redirects here. This name and ''Solanum mauritianum'' itself have variously been applied to other plants; see below.''thumb'''''Solanum mauritianum''''' is a small tree or shrub native to South America, including Northern Argentina, Southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.Olckersa, T., Zimmermann, H.G., "Biological control of silverleaf nightshade, Solanum elaegnifolium, and bugweed, Solanum mauritianum, (Solanaceae) in South Africa", ''Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment'',Vol. 37, Issues 1-3, October 1991, Pages 137-155 () It has become a widespread invasive weed in Cook Islands, Fiji, Hawai‘i, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Réunion Island, Mauritius, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, India, and several southern African countries.(''Solanum Mauritianum'' Weed Profile, Global Invasive Species Database ) Its common names include '''earleaf nightshade''' (or "ear-leaved nightshade"), '''woolly nightshade''', '''flannel weed''', '''bugweed''', '''tobacco weed''', '''tobacco bush''', '''wild tobacco''' and '''kerosene plant'''.The plant has a life of up to thirty years, and can grow up to tall. Its large oval leaves are grey-green in color and covered with felt-like hairs. The flower is purple with a yellow center. The plant can flower year round but fruiting occurs in late spring to early summer. It is tolerant of many soil types and quickly becomes established around plantations, forest margins, scrub and open land.==As invasive species==Woolly nightshade has naturalized in New Zealand. It had arrived there by 1880, and is now well established from Taupo northward. Woolly nightshade is poisonous and handling the plants can cause irritation and nausea. The dust from the plant can cause respiratory problems if exposure is prolonged. Because of its ability to affect human health and because of its aggressive and fast growing character it is illegal in all areas of New Zealand to sell, propagate, or distribute any part of the plant.This plant has also become naturalized in Australia, particularly on the east coast and in desert ranges (South Australia). In Australia this plant is known colloquially as '''"tobacco bush weed"''', although Australia possesses many species of ''Nicotiana'' which are more correctly known as wild tobaccos.In South Africa, biological control is being used to control ''Solanum mauritianum''. ''S. mauritianum'' is a favoured food plant of the African olive pigeon (''Columba arquatrix''),Gibbs, David; Barnes, Eustace & Cox, John. (2001): ''Pigeons and Doves''. A&C Black, London. ISBN 1-873403-60-7 the Cape bulbul and red-whiskered bulbul.http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1230 」の詳細全文を読む
' is a small tree or shrub native to South America, including Northern Argentina, Southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.Olckersa, T., Zimmermann, H.G., "Biological control of silverleaf nightshade, Solanum elaegnifolium, and bugweed, Solanum mauritianum, (Solanaceae) in South Africa", ''Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment'',Vol. 37, Issues 1-3, October 1991, Pages 137-155 () It has become a widespread invasive weed in Cook Islands, Fiji, Hawai‘i, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Réunion Island, Mauritius, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, India, and several southern African countries.(''Solanum Mauritianum'' Weed Profile, Global Invasive Species Database ) Its common names include earleaf nightshade (or "ear-leaved nightshade"), woolly nightshade, flannel weed, bugweed, tobacco weed, tobacco bush, wild tobacco and kerosene plant.The plant has a life of up to thirty years, and can grow up to tall. Its large oval leaves are grey-green in color and covered with felt-like hairs. The flower is purple with a yellow center. The plant can flower year round but fruiting occurs in late spring to early summer. It is tolerant of many soil types and quickly becomes established around plantations, forest margins, scrub and open land.==As invasive species==Woolly nightshade has naturalized in New Zealand. It had arrived there by 1880, and is now well established from Taupo northward. Woolly nightshade is poisonous and handling the plants can cause irritation and nausea. The dust from the plant can cause respiratory problems if exposure is prolonged. Because of its ability to affect human health and because of its aggressive and fast growing character it is illegal in all areas of New Zealand to sell, propagate, or distribute any part of the plant.This plant has also become naturalized in Australia, particularly on the east coast and in desert ranges (South Australia). In Australia this plant is known colloquially as "tobacco bush weed", although Australia possesses many species of ''Nicotiana'' which are more correctly known as wild tobaccos.In South Africa, biological control is being used to control ''Solanum mauritianum''. ''S. mauritianum'' is a favoured food plant of the African olive pigeon (''Columba arquatrix''),Gibbs, David; Barnes, Eustace & Cox, John. (2001): ''Pigeons and Doves''. A&C Black, London. ISBN 1-873403-60-7 the Cape bulbul and red-whiskered bulbul.http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1230 ">ウィキペディアで「__NOTOC__:''"Solanum auriculatum" redirects here. This name and ''Solanum mauritianum'' itself have variously been applied to other plants; see below.''thumb''Solanum mauritianum''''' is a small tree or shrub native to South America, including Northern Argentina, Southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.Olckersa, T., Zimmermann, H.G., "Biological control of silverleaf nightshade, Solanum elaegnifolium, and bugweed, Solanum mauritianum, (Solanaceae) in South Africa", ''Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment'',Vol. 37, Issues 1-3, October 1991, Pages 137-155 () It has become a widespread invasive weed in Cook Islands, Fiji, Hawai‘i, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Réunion Island, Mauritius, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, India, and several southern African countries.(''Solanum Mauritianum'' Weed Profile, Global Invasive Species Database ) Its common names include '''earleaf nightshade''' (or "ear-leaved nightshade"), '''woolly nightshade''', '''flannel weed''', '''bugweed''', '''tobacco weed''', '''tobacco bush''', '''wild tobacco''' and '''kerosene plant'''.The plant has a life of up to thirty years, and can grow up to tall. Its large oval leaves are grey-green in color and covered with felt-like hairs. The flower is purple with a yellow center. The plant can flower year round but fruiting occurs in late spring to early summer. It is tolerant of many soil types and quickly becomes established around plantations, forest margins, scrub and open land.==As invasive species==Woolly nightshade has naturalized in New Zealand. It had arrived there by 1880, and is now well established from Taupo northward. Woolly nightshade is poisonous and handling the plants can cause irritation and nausea. The dust from the plant can cause respiratory problems if exposure is prolonged. Because of its ability to affect human health and because of its aggressive and fast growing character it is illegal in all areas of New Zealand to sell, propagate, or distribute any part of the plant.This plant has also become naturalized in Australia, particularly on the east coast and in desert ranges (South Australia). In Australia this plant is known colloquially as '''"tobacco bush weed"''', although Australia possesses many species of ''Nicotiana'' which are more correctly known as wild tobaccos.In South Africa, biological control is being used to control ''Solanum mauritianum''. ''S. mauritianum'' is a favoured food plant of the African olive pigeon (''Columba arquatrix''),Gibbs, David; Barnes, Eustace & Cox, John. (2001): ''Pigeons and Doves''. A&C Black, London. ISBN 1-873403-60-7 the Cape bulbul and red-whiskered bulbul.http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1230 」の詳細全文を読む
'Solanum mauritianum'' is a small tree or shrub native to South America, including Northern Argentina, Southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.Olckersa, T., Zimmermann, H.G., "Biological control of silverleaf nightshade, Solanum elaegnifolium, and bugweed, Solanum mauritianum, (Solanaceae) in South Africa", ''Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment'',Vol. 37, Issues 1-3, October 1991, Pages 137-155 () It has become a widespread invasive weed in Cook Islands, Fiji, Hawai‘i, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Réunion Island, Mauritius, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, India, and several southern African countries.(''Solanum Mauritianum'' Weed Profile, Global Invasive Species Database ) Its common names include '''earleaf nightshade''' (or "ear-leaved nightshade"), '''woolly nightshade''', '''flannel weed''', '''bugweed''', '''tobacco weed''', '''tobacco bush''', '''wild tobacco''' and '''kerosene plant'''.The plant has a life of up to thirty years, and can grow up to tall. Its large oval leaves are grey-green in color and covered with felt-like hairs. The flower is purple with a yellow center. The plant can flower year round but fruiting occurs in late spring to early summer. It is tolerant of many soil types and quickly becomes established around plantations, forest margins, scrub and open land.==As invasive species==Woolly nightshade has naturalized in New Zealand. It had arrived there by 1880, and is now well established from Taupo northward. Woolly nightshade is poisonous and handling the plants can cause irritation and nausea. The dust from the plant can cause respiratory problems if exposure is prolonged. Because of its ability to affect human health and because of its aggressive and fast growing character it is illegal in all areas of New Zealand to sell, propagate, or distribute any part of the plant.This plant has also become naturalized in Australia, particularly on the east coast and in desert ranges (South Australia). In Australia this plant is known colloquially as '''"tobacco bush weed"''', although Australia possesses many species of ''Nicotiana'' which are more correctly known as wild tobaccos.In South Africa, biological control is being used to control ''Solanum mauritianum''. ''S. mauritianum'' is a favoured food plant of the African olive pigeon (''Columba arquatrix''),Gibbs, David; Barnes, Eustace & Cox, John. (2001): ''Pigeons and Doves''. A&C Black, London. ISBN 1-873403-60-7 the Cape bulbul and red-whiskered bulbul.http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1230 」の詳細全文を読む
' is a small tree or shrub native to South America, including Northern Argentina, Southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.Olckersa, T., Zimmermann, H.G., "Biological control of silverleaf nightshade, Solanum elaegnifolium, and bugweed, Solanum mauritianum, (Solanaceae) in South Africa", ''Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment'',Vol. 37, Issues 1-3, October 1991, Pages 137-155 () It has become a widespread invasive weed in Cook Islands, Fiji, Hawai‘i, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Réunion Island, Mauritius, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, India, and several southern African countries.(''Solanum Mauritianum'' Weed Profile, Global Invasive Species Database ) Its common names include earleaf nightshade (or "ear-leaved nightshade"), woolly nightshade, flannel weed, bugweed, tobacco weed, tobacco bush, wild tobacco and kerosene plant.The plant has a life of up to thirty years, and can grow up to tall. Its large oval leaves are grey-green in color and covered with felt-like hairs. The flower is purple with a yellow center. The plant can flower year round but fruiting occurs in late spring to early summer. It is tolerant of many soil types and quickly becomes established around plantations, forest margins, scrub and open land.==As invasive species==Woolly nightshade has naturalized in New Zealand. It had arrived there by 1880, and is now well established from Taupo northward. Woolly nightshade is poisonous and handling the plants can cause irritation and nausea. The dust from the plant can cause respiratory problems if exposure is prolonged. Because of its ability to affect human health and because of its aggressive and fast growing character it is illegal in all areas of New Zealand to sell, propagate, or distribute any part of the plant.This plant has also become naturalized in Australia, particularly on the east coast and in desert ranges (South Australia). In Australia this plant is known colloquially as "tobacco bush weed", although Australia possesses many species of ''Nicotiana'' which are more correctly known as wild tobaccos.In South Africa, biological control is being used to control ''Solanum mauritianum''. ''S. mauritianum'' is a favoured food plant of the African olive pigeon (''Columba arquatrix''),Gibbs, David; Barnes, Eustace & Cox, John. (2001): ''Pigeons and Doves''. A&C Black, London. ISBN 1-873403-60-7 the Cape bulbul and red-whiskered bulbul.http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1230 」の詳細全文を読む
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